Syncretism of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism in Liaozhai Zhiyi in Terms of Filial Piety
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31291/hn.v10i2.595Keywords:
Liáozhāi Zhìyì, zhìguài genre, Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, filial pietyAbstract
Liáozhāi Zhìyìis one of the representative compilations in the genre ofzhìguài‘strange writing’ during the Qing (1644-1912) era, and it conveys filial piety through narration and authorial commentary. This researchscrutinizesnarratives regardingthe preponderant construal of filial piety, so as toexplore the harmonious contemporaneous of religious thinking and behavior in Qing China. This researchconductsinterpretative and hermeneutic research on four narratives in Liáozhāi Zhìyì, namely,XíFāngpíng, LèZhòng, SìshíQiān, and QiánbǔWū, and also refersto classic treatises regarding filial piety. Given the fact that narratives in Liáozhāi Zhìyìthemed by or appertaining to filial pietyentail elements of three religions simultaneously.This studypropoundsthat itilluminates amalgamation of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism, i.e.sānjiàohéyī, in seventeenth-century China.
Downloads
References
Adler, J. A. (2002). Chinese Religious Traditions. New York: Pearson.
Akahori, A. (1989). "Drug Taking and Immortality." In Taoist meditation and longevity techniques, eds. Livia Kohn and Yoshinobu Sakade, 73-98. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
Ames, R. T. (1991). "The Mencian Conception of Ren Xing: Does It Mean Human Nature?" In Chinese Texts and Philosophical Contexts: Essays Dedicated to Angus C. Graham, ed. Henry Rosemont Jr., 143-175. La Salle, IL: Open Court.
Ames, R. T. (2011). Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Barr, A. (1984). "The Textual Transmission of Liaozhai zhiyi." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 44.2: 515-562.
Barr, A. (2007). "'Liaozhai zhiyi' and 'Shiji'." Asia Major 20.1: 133-153.
Brokaw, C. (1991). The Ledgers of Merit and Demerit: Social Change and Moral Order in Late Imperial China. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Brook, T. (1993). "Rethinking Syncretism: The Unity of the Three Teachings and Their Joint Worship in Late‐Imperial China." Journal of Chinese Religions 1: 13-44.
Bush, L. (2001). Asian Horror Encyclopedia: Asian Horror Culture in Literature, Manga, and Folklore. New York: Writers Club Press.
Campany, R. F. (1991). "Ghost Matter: The Culture of Ghosts in the Six Dynasties zhiguai." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 13: 15-34.
Campany, R. F. (1996). Strange Writing: Anomaly Accounts in Early Medieval China. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Chan, A., & Tan, S.-H. (2004). Introduction. In Filial piety in Chinese thought and history, eds. Alan Chan and Sor-Hoon Tan, 9-16. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
Chan, L. T.-h. (1991). "Subjugating Spirits: Yuan Mei’s What the Master Would Not Speak Of." Asian Culture 19.4: 40-47.
Chan, L. T.-h. (1993). "Narrative as Argument: The Yuewei caotang biji and The Late Eighteenth-Century Elite Discourse on The Supernatural." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 53.1: 25-62.
Chan, L. T.-h. (1998). The Discourse on Foxes and Ghosts: Ji Yun and Eighteenth-Century Literati Storytelling. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
Chang, C.-s., & Chang, S. H.-l. (1998). Redefining History: Ghosts, Spirits, and Human Society in P’u Sung-ling’s World, 1640-1715. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Chang, Q. (2013). "Qiantan Yuewei caotang biji yu Soushenji zhong sierfusheng gushi de yitong [The Resurrection Stories in 'Notes of the Yuewei Hermitage' and 'In Search of the Supernatural': Similarities and Differences]." Journal of Harbin University 04: 62-65.
Chen, F. (2002). "Archetype and Aesthetics of the Fantastic: The Narrative Form in Chinese and French Fiction." Comparative Criticism 24: 239-254.
Chen, J. (1986). "Taiping jing zhong de chengfu baoying sixiang [The concepts of cheng, fu and retribution in Taiping jing]." Religious Studies 35-39.
Ch'en, K. (1968). "Filial Piety in Chinese Buddhism." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 28: 81-97.
Ch'en, K. (1973). The Chinese transformation of Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Chen, L. (2013). "Virtue Ethics and Confucian Ethics." In Virtue Ethics and Confucianism, eds. Stephen Angle and Michael Slote, 15-27. New York, Abingdon: Taylor & Francis Group.
Chen, L. (2018). "Historical and Cultural Features of Confucianism in East Asia." In Confucianisms for a changing world cultural order, eds. Roger T. Ames and Peter D. Hershock, 102-111. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Cheng, C. (2017). "Liaozhai yu Zibuyu Zhong daoshi xingxiang de yitong fenxi [Similarities and differences of the image of Daoist priests in Liaozhai and Zibuyu]." Select About Essay: 08: 14.
Cheng, H., & Cheng, Y. (1989). Er Cheng Ji [Collected Works of Cheng Brothers]. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Chiang, S.-c. L. (2005). Collecting the Self: Body and Identity in Strange Tale Collections of Late Imperial China. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Clarke, S. (2009). "Locating Humour in Indian Buddhist Monastic Law Codes: A Comparative Approach." Journal of Indian Philosophy 37.4: 311-330.
Clart, P. (1996). Reviewed Work: Censored by Confucius: Ghost Stories by Yuan Mei. Pacific Affairs 69.3: 408-409.
Cohen, M. L. (1992). "Religion in a State Society: China." In Asia: Case Studies in the Social Sciences, ed. Myron L. Cohen, 17-31. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
Cole, A. (1998). Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Coles, B. (2019). "Guo Xiang and the Problem of Self-Cultivation in Daoist Naturalism." Religions 10: 388.
Cook, C. (2015). "'Mother' (Mu 母) and the Embodiment of the Dao." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 42(1-2): 242-249.
Cook, J. W. (2014). "Strange tales of liaozhai." In Encyclopedia of Renaissance literature (2nd ed), ed. James Wyatt Cook. Facts on File.
de Bary, W. T., & Bloom, I. (1999). Sources of Chinese Tradition: From Earliest Times to 1600. New York: Columbia University Press.
Despeux, C., & Kohn, L. (2003). Women in Daoism. Dunedin: Three Pines Press.
DeWoskin, K. J. (1977). "The Six Dynasties Chih-kuai and the Birth of Fiction." In Chinese Narrative, ed. Andrew H. Plaks, 21-52. Princeton: Princeton University.
DeWoskin, K. J., & Crump, J. I. (1996). Trans. Introduction. In In Search of the Supernatural: The Written Record, by Gan Bao. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Duara, P. (2008). "Religion and Citizenship in China and the Diaspora." In Chinese Religiosities: Afflictions of Modernity and State Formation, ed. Mayfair Mei-hui Yang, 43-64. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Eskildsen, S. (2015). Daoism, Meditation, and the Wonders of Serenity: From the Latter Han Dynasty (25-220) to the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Fan, L., & Whitehead, J. D. (2011). "Spirituality in a Modern Chinese Metropolis." In Chinese Religious Life, eds. David A. Palmer, Glenn Shive and Philip L. Wickeri, 13-29. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Fan, Q., & Liu, J. (2019). "‘Liaozhai xue’ tixi de jiangou ji zhanwang [The construction and development of the ‘Liaozhai study’ system]." Study on Pu Singling 03.
Gao, X. (2003). "Women Existing for Men: Confucianism and Social Injustice against Women in China." Race, Gender & Class 10.3: 114-125.
Goldin, P. R. (2015). Confucianism. London and New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Gong, W., & Gong, D. (2010). "Rushidao sanjiao heyi yu sengjia chongbai tuxiang [Unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism and totems of monks]." Aesthetics 04: 87-89.
Hall, D. L., & Ames, R. T. (1996). Thinking through Confucius. Trans. Yiwei Jiang and Zhilin Li. Nanjing: Jiangsu People’s Publishing House.
Han, X. (2011). "Quanzhendao sanjiaoheyi de lilun tezheng [Quan zhen dao: a combination of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism]." Journal ff Lanzhou University 05: 1-6.
He, M. (2011). "Liaozhai zhong de ‘Yishi Shi yue’ yu pinglun [‘Yishi Shi yue’ and comments in Liaozhai]." Journal of Literature and History 04.
Hendrischke, B. (1991). "The Concept of Inherited Evil in the Taiping Jing." East Asian History 2: 1-30.
Hendrischke, B. (2007). The Scripture on Great Peace: The Taiping jing and the Beginnings of Daoism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Hirota, D. (2000). "Images of Reality in the Shin Buddhist Path." In Toward a Contemporary Understanding of Pure Land Buddhism: Creating a Shin Buddhist Theology in a Religiously Plural World, ed. Dennis Hirota, 33-72. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Huang, X. (1998). "Sanjiaoheyi zai woguo fazhan de guocheng, tedian jiqi dui zhoubian guojia de yingxiang [The development, characteristics and influence on neighbouring countries of sanjiaoheyi in China]." Philosophical Research 08: 25-31.
Huang, Y. (2013). Between Generalism and Particularism: The Cheng Brothers’ Neo-Confucian Virtue Ethics. In Virtue Ethics and Confucianism, eds. Stephen Angle and Michael Slote, 162-170. New York, Abingdon: Taylor & Francis Group.
Hughes, W., D. Punter and A. Smith (Eds.). (2016). The Encyclopedia of the Gothic. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
Hwang, K.-K. (1999). Filial piety and loyalty: Two types of social identification in Confucianism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 163-183.
Ikels, C. (2004). Filial Piety: Practice and Discourse in Contemporary East Asia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Ivanhoe, P. J. (2000). Confucian Moral Self-Cultivation. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
Ivanhoe, P. J. (2007). Filial Piety as a Virtue. In Working Virtue: Virtue Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems, eds. Rebecca L. Walker and Philip J. Ivanhoe, 297-312. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Judy, R. (2011). The Cultivation of Mastery: Xiushen and the Hermeneutics of the Self in Early Chinese Thought. Intertexts, 15(1), 1-19.
Kao, K. S. Y. (1985). Classical Chinese Tales of the Supernatural and the Fantastic: Selections from the Third to the Tenth Century. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Kao, K. S. Y. (2002). Domains of Moral Discourse: Self, History, and Fantasy in ‘Fengshen yanyi’. Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, 24, 75-97.
Keown, D. (2004). Pure Land. A Dictionary of Buddhism. Retrieved from https://www-oxfordreference-com.ezproxy.lancs.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acref/9780198605607.001.0001/acref-9780198605607-e-1458?rskey=D4xMW8&result=4.
Kern, M. (2015). The ‘Masters’ in the Shiji. T’oung Pao, 4-5, 335-362.
Kohn, L. (2004). Immortal Parents and Universal Kin: Family Values in Medieval Daoism. In Filial Piety in Chinese Thought and History, eds. Alan Chan and Sor-Hoon Tan, 91-109. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
Kunio, M. (2004). Filial Piety and ‘Authentic Parents’ in Religious Daoism. In Filial Piety in Chinese Thought and History, eds. Alan Chan and Sor-Hoon Tan, 110-121. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
Larm, J. (2012). Confucianism. In Encyclopedia of Global Studies, eds. Helmut K. Anheier, Mark Juergensmeyer and Victor Faessel, 266-269. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference.
Lee, L.-L. (2009). Inventing Familial Agency from Powerlessness: Ban Zhao’s Lessons for Women. Western Journal of Communication, 73(1), 47-66.
Leeming, D. (2002). Pure Land. A Dictionary of Asian Mythology. Retrieved from https://www-oxfordreference-com.ezproxy.lancs.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acref/9780195120523.001.0001/acref-9780195120523-e-354?rskey=D4xMW8&result=1.
Leeming, D. (2005). Pure Land. The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Retrieved from https://www-oxfordreference-com.ezproxy.lancs.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acref/9780195156690.001.0001/acref-9780195156690-e-1316?rskey=D4xMW8&result=2.
Legge, J. (1969). Trans. The Text of the Yi King. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corporation.
Li, F. (2011). Pu Songling xiaoshuo Liaozhai zhiyi zhongde fojiao sixiang wenhua tanxi [Exploration of Buddhist culture and thought in Strange stories from a Chinese studio by Pu Songling]. Journal of Yunnan RTV University, 13(3), 36-39.
Liu, J., & Cao, X. (2014). Daxue xiushenguan tanxi [Discussion on the idea of self-cultivation in Great Learning]. Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University, 02, 18-20.
Li, L. (2005). Ershi shiji Puxue yanjiu de lichengbei—Du ‘Pu Songling Zhi’ zhaji [The milestone of Pu study in the 20th century—Reading the ‘Pu Songling record’]. Study on Pu Songling, 4, 202-209.
Li, M. (1985). Qiantan Liaozhai Zhiyi zhong Yishi Shi yue [Discussing Yishi Shi yue in Liaozhai]. Jianghuai Tribune, 02, 84-87.
Li, W. (2004). Yingguo gete xiaoshuo yu zhongguo liuchao zhiguai xiaoshuo bijiao yanjiu [Comparative study between British gothic novels and Chinese Six Dynasties zhiguai novels]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.
Li, X. (2013). Cong Liaozhai zhiyi kan Pu Songling dui daojiao guannian de chaoyue [Discussing the development of Taoist thinking of Pu Songling in Liaozhai zhiyi]. Journal of Taiyuan Normal University, 12(3), 65-67.
Liao, Y. (2013). Daojiao xiaodao sixiang de xiandai yiyi [The modern significance of Taoist filial piety thinking]. Journal of Tanshan College, 26(1), 54-57.
Louie, K., & Edwards, L. (Eds. and Trans.). (1996). Censored by Confucius: Ghost Stories by Yuan Mei. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe.
Lu, T. (2011). The Literary Culture of the Late Ming (1573–1644). In The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, eds. Kang-i Sun Chang and Stephen Owen, 63-151. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mann, S. (2002). Grooming a Daughter for Marriage: Brides and Wives in the Mid-Qing Period. In Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities: A Reader, eds. Susan Brownell and Jeffery Wasserstrom, 93-119. London: University of California Press.
Mou, B. (2009). Classical Confucianism. In Chinese Philosophy A-Z, 25-26. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Neville, R. C. (2011). Confucian Humaneness (REN) Across Social Barriers. In Confucianism and Spiritual Traditions in Modern China and Beyond, eds. Fenggang Yang and Joseph Tamney, 295-308. Leiden: BRILL.
Ng, R. M.-C. (2009). College and Character: What Did Confucius Teach Us About the Importance of Integrating Ethics, Character, Learning, and Education? Journal of College and Character, 10(4). DOI: 10.2202/1940-1639.1045.
Nichols, R. (2011). A Genealogy of Early Confucian Moral Psychology. Philosophy East and West, 61(4), 609-629.
Nienhauser, W. H. Jr. (2010). Tang Dynasty Tales: A Guided Reader. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company.
Nuyen, A. T. (2004). The Contemporary Relevance of the Confucian Idea of Filial Piety. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 31, 433-450.
Plopper, C. H. (1926). Chinese Religion Seen through the Proverb. Shanghai: The China Press.
Pohl, K.-H. (1999). Chinese Thought in a Global Context: A Dialogue Between Chinese and Western Philosophical Approaches. Leiden: Brill.
Qin, W. (2004). Liaozhai zhiyi fojiao sixiang qiantan—jianlun Pu Songling chuangzuode zhuguan mingyi [Briefly explore the Buddhist ideas of the ghost lore—concurrently discuss the Purpose of Pu Songling’s creation]. Journal of Hechi University, 05, 34-37.
Riegel, J. (2010). Yuan Mei 袁枚(1716–1798) and a Different ‘Elegant Gathering’. Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, 32, 95-112.
Rosenlee, L.-H. L. (2006). Confucianism and Women: A Philosophical Interpretation. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Santangelo, P., & Yan, B. (2013). Zibuyu, ‘What The Master Would Not Discuss’, According to Yuan Mei (1716-1798): A Collection of Supernatural Stories. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schopen, G. (1984). Filial Piety and the Monk in the Practice of Indian Buddhism: A Question of ‘Sinicization’ Viewed from the Other Side. T’oung Pao, 70(1/3), 110-126.
Shan, C. (2012a). Major Aspects of Chinese Religion and Philosophy: Dao of Inner Saint and Outer King. Heidelberg: Springer.
Shan, C. (2012b). Political Personality Revealed in the Great Learning (daxue). Major Aspects of Chinese Religion and Philosophy, 277-293.
Shan, C. (2012c). The Basic Spirit of Chinese Culture and National Faith. In Major Aspects of Chinese Religion and Philosophy. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer.
Shang, B. (2018). Unnatural narratology and Zhiguai tales of the six dynasties in China. Neohelicon, 45, 179-190.
Shahar, M. (2013). Violence in Chinese Religious Traditions. In The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, eds. Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0009.
Shun, K.-L. (2002). Ren and Li in the Analects. In Confucius and the Analects: New Essays, ed. Bryan W. Van Norden, 53-72. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Slingerland, E. (2011). ‘Of What Use Are the Odes?’ Cognitive Science, Virtue Ethics, and Early Confucian Ethics. Philosophy East and West, 61(1), 80-109.
Strong, J. (1983). Filial Piety and Buddhism: The Indian Antecedents to a 'Chinese' Problem. In Traditions in Contact and Change, eds. Peter Slater and Donald Wiebe, 171-186. Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press.
Sun, X. (2012). Lun ruxue zai sanjiaoheyi zhong de zhudao zuoyong [The dominant function of Confucianism in Sanjiaoheyi]. Theoretical Exploration, 06, 37-39.
Sung, K.-t. (2003). Filial Piety: Buddhists’ Way in East Asia, Journal of Religious Gerontology, 14(4), 95-111.
Tan, C. (2017). A Confucian perspective of self-cultivation in learning: Its implications for self-directed learning. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 23(2), 250-262.
Tan, J. (2011). Bojiao baoen guan yu fojiao xiaodao guan zhi bijiao [Comparing thankfulness with filial piety in Buddhism]. Journal of Xiaogan University, 05, 10-14.
Tan, S.-h. (2018). Rethinking Confucianism’s Relationship to Global Capitalism: Some Philosophical Reflections for a Confucian Critique of Global Capitalism. In Confucianisms for a Changing World Cultural Order, eds. Roger T. Ames and Peter D. Hershock, 9-28. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Teiser, S. F. (1988). The Ghost Festival in Medieval China. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Teiser, S. F. (1996). Introduction: The Spirits of Chinese Religion. In Religions of China in Practice, ed. Donald S. Lopez, Jr., 3-37. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Teo, S. (2006). Pu Songling and the Spider. In King Hu’s A Touch of Zen, 17-28. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Theiss, J. M. (2002). Femininity in flux: Gendered virtue and social conflict in the mid-Qing courtroom. In Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities: A Reader, Susan Brownell and Jeffery Wasserstrom, eds, 47-66. London: University of California Press.
Tucker, J. A. (1997). Reviewed Work: Censored by Confucius: Ghost Stories by Yuan Mei. China Review International, 4(2), 487-494.
Van Norden, B. (2019). Mencius. In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta. <https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mencius/>.
Wang, A. (2020). Unveiling Religious Ideology of Chinese Aristocracy in Imperial Qing from a Literary Perspective. Frontiers of Literary Studies in China, 14(1), 99-133.
Wang, Z. (2006). Jinwushi nian liaozhai zhiyi zai riben de chuanbo he yanjiu [The spread and study of Liaozhai Zhiyi in Japan in the past 50 years]. Journal of Fujian Normal University, 06, 109-113.
Wilkinson, B. (1996). Culture, institutions and business in East Asia. Organization Studies, 17(3), 421-447.
Wilson, L. (2013). Introduction: Family and the Construction of Religious Communities. In Family in Buddhism, ed. Liz Wilson, 1-20. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Wilson, L. (2014). Buddhism and Family. Religion Compass, 8(6), 188-198.
Wong, D. (2020). Chinese Ethics. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta. <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/ethics-chinese/>.
Wu, D. (2014). Daojiao xiaodaoguan yanjiu [Research on Daoist filial piety]. Charming China, 08, 270.
Wu, M. (2017). The Process of Self-Cultivation and the Mandala Model of the Self. Frontiers in Psychology, 08. <https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00024>.
Xi, T. (2018). Lun Liaozhai zhiyi zhongde ceng dao xingxiang [On images of monks and Taoist priests in Strange tales from Liaozhi]. Journal of Neijiang Normal University, 05, 26-31.
Xiao, Q. (1997). Wenchang xiaojing de daojiao xiaodaoguan [Daoist view on filial piety in Wenchang xiaojing]. Morality and Civilization, 06, 16-19.
Xie, W. (2014). Encountering Ghost Princesses in Sou shen ji: Rereading Classical Chinese Ghost Wife Zhiguai Tales. In Unsettling Assumptions: Tradition, Gender, Drag, eds. Pauline Greenhill and Diane Tye, 244-260. Logan: Utah State University Press.
Xing, G. (2005). Filial Piety in Early Buddhism. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 12, 82-106.
Xing, G. (2010). A Buddhist-Confucian controversy on filial piety. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 37(2), 248-260.
Yan, H. K. T. (2017). Is filial piety a virtue? A reading of the Xiao Jing (Classic of Filial Piety) from the perspective of ideology critique. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49(12), 1184-1194.
Yang, G. (2004). Liaozhai zhiyi de daojiao xianjing ticai qianshi [Strange stories from a lonely studio: Taoism’ Fairyland subject matter simply explained]. Journal of Zaozhuang Teachers’ College, 21(4), 28-30.
Yang, L.-s. (1976). The concept of Pao as a basis for social relations in China. In Chinese Thought and Institutions, ed. John K. Fairbank, trans. Renni Liu, Changguo Duan, and Yongtang Zhang, 349-372. Taipei: Linking Publishing Company.
Yang, S. (2011). Cong Liaozhai zhiyi kan Pu Songling dui xiaodao de tuichong yu hongyang [Pu Songling’s high praise and promotion of filial piety in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio]. Journal of Xiaogan University, 31(4), 17-21.
Yang, S. (2016). Cong Liaozhai zhiyi kann Pu Songling de chongfo sixiang [Analyzing Pu Songling’s Buddhist thought in Liaozhai zhiyi]. Journal of Zibo Normal College, 4, 67-70.
Yang, S.-j. (2017). The Reconciliation of Filial Piety and Political Authority in Early China. Dao, 16, 187-203.
Yao, X. (1995). Jen, Love, and Universality—Three Arguments Concerning Jen in Confucianism. Asian Philosophy, 5, 181-195.
Yu, A. C. (1987). ‘Rest, Rest, Perturbed Spirit!’ Ghosts in Traditional Chinese Prose Fiction. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 47(2), 397-434.
Yuan, S. (1984). Zhongguo dudian wenxue mingzhu jieshao zhiyi Liaozhai Zhiyi jiqi zuozhe Pu Songling [Introduction of one of the masterpieces of traditional Chinese literature, Liaozhai Zhiyi and its author Pu Songling]. Zhongguo Jianshe, 2, 3-13.
Yuan, S. (1999). Wenxue shixue de mingqing xiaoshuo yanjiu [Ming-Qing fiction study of the literary history]. Jinan: Qilu Press.
Yuan, S., & Xu, Z. (2000). Pu Songling pingzhuan [Biography of Pu Songling]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press.
Zeitlin, J. (1988). Pu Songling’s Liaozhai zhiyi and the Chinese Discourse on the Strange. PhD thesis. Harvard University.
Zeitlin, J. (1993). Historian of the Strange: Pu Songling and the Chinese Classical Tale. Stanford University Press.
Zhang, L. (2015). Wenchang xiaojing xiaodao sixiang yanjiu [Research on the thinking of filial piety in Wenchang xiaojing]. Contemporary Youth, 8, 286-287.
Zhang, X. (2014). Zhongyong de xiushen sixiang [On the theory of self-cultivation in Zhong Yong]. Journal of Yibin University, 1, 45-89.
Zhang, X. (1989). Xieyi xiangfu, zhuke hutuo—Lun Liaozhai Zhiyi zhongde Yishi Shi yue [Combination of depicting and commenting as well as main and complement—Discussing the Yishi Shi yue in Liaozhai]. Study on Pu Songling, 2, 184-201.
Zhang, Y. (2003). Lun rujia sixiang dui liaozhai zhiyi de shentou [Analyzing the influence of Confucian thinking on Liaozhai zhiyi]. Study on Pu Songling, 1, 5-15.
Zhang, Z. (2014). Buddhism and Tales of the Supernatural in Early Medieval China: A Study of Liu Yiqing's (403-444) Youming Lu. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Zheng, C., & Zhan, S. (2011). Daojiao xiaodaoguan chuyi [Discussion of Taoist filial conception]. Religious Studies, 1, 218-221.
Zheng, X. (2001). Liaozhai Zhiyi Yishi Shi yuexushi shixing de tanxi [Discovery of narrative styles of Yishi Shi yue in Liaozhai Zhiyi]. Study on Pu Songling, 4.
Zhao, F. (1984). Yishi shi yue zai Liaozhai Zhiyi zhong de zuoyong [The function of Yishi Shi yue in Liaozhai Zhiyi]. Study on Pu Songling, 4.
Zhao, X. (2005). Classical Chinese Supernatural Tales: A Morphological Study. Lewiston, NY: Edwin M
ellen Press.
Zhou, S. (2012). Lun daojiao xiaodaoguan de xiandai fansi jiazhi [Discussion on modern values of Daoist filial piety]. Journal of Hunan Mass Media Vocational Technical College, 12(2), 77-80.
Zou, Z. (2019). Liaozhai xue yehua [Talk on study of Liaozhai]. Study on Pu Songling, 2, 5-17.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
