Sundanese Printed Kitābs in Egypt: Notes on the contribution of Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid al-Bughūrī’s works

Jajang A Rohmana

doi:10.31291/hn.v11i1.634

Authors

Jajang A Rohmana UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31291/hn.v11i1.634

Keywords:

Kitābs, Sundanese, Cairo, Mecca, Sunnī

Abstract

Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid al-Bughūrī (1862–1930) is one of Sundanese ulamas from Bogor who became a religious teacher or sheikh in Mecca. His students were many ulamas from the Middle East and Southeast Asia. However, compared to the other works of Sundanese ulamas, Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid’s works are less known despite his significant contribution. He is one of Sundanese ulamas who published printed Islamic books or kitābs in Sundanese with pegon script in Egypt. To further explore about Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid al-Bughūrī’s works, this study focuses on three Sundanese printed kitābs of his: Ieu Kitāb ‘Aqā’id, Kifāyat al-Mubtadi’īn, and Hidāyat al-Mubtadi’īn. These kitābs were learned by beginner students from West Java taught by Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid in Mecca. This study confirms that the Islamic learning transmission between Mecca and Southeast Asia in the early twentieth century emerged a diversity of languages in the teaching the kitābs. The sheikh responded to the increasing diversity of the East Indies students in Mecca through various printed kitābs with trans- regional languages amidst the growing printing business in the early twentieth century. It was an effort to facilitate Islamic teaching and learning traditions at the time. In addition, these kitābs also demonstrate Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid’s efforts in maintaining Sunnī traditionalist doctrines amid the Salafi/Wahhabi ideology which became the official religious teachings of the Saudi government in Mecca.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abaza, Mona. (2003). “Indonesian Azharites Fifteen Years Later.” Sojourn 18(1), 139-153.

‘Abdal-Jabbār, ‘Umar. (1982). Siyar wa Tarājim Ba’ḍ‘Ulamā’inā fī al-Qarn al-Rābi’‘Ashr li al-Hijrah. Jeddah: Ṭuhāmah, 1403.

Abdul Rozaq, Muhamad. (2018). “Metode Penentuan Thūl al-Balad Menggunakan Wasath al-Kushūf dalam Kitab Taqrīb al-Maqṣad.” Diploma thesis, UIN Walisongo Semarang.

Anonimous. (1929). Ashhar Maktabah wa Maṭba’ah fī al-Sharq. Dār Iḥyā’al-Kutub al-’Arabiyyah li Aṣḥābihā ‘Isá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Shurakā’uh.

Azra, Azyumardi. (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern ‘Ulama’in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Honolulu: ASAA-Allen & Unwin and University of Hawai’i Press.

al-Bayṭār, al-Shaykh ‘Abd al-Razzāq. (1961). Ḥilyah al-Bashar fi Tārīkh al-Qarn al-Thālith ‘Ashar, vol. 2. Damascus: Matbu’āt Majma’al-Lughah al-’Arabiyyah.

Brockelmann, Carl. (2018). History of the Arabic Written Tradition, 5 vols., translated by Joep Lameer. Leiden-Boston: Brill.

Buang, Sa’eda. (2008). “Religious education as locus of curriculum: A brief inquiry into Madrasah curriculum in Singapore.” In Lai Ah Eng (Ed.), Religious Diversity in Singapore. Singapore: ISEAS.

Butar-Butar, Arwin Juli Rakhmadi. (2017). Mengenal Karya-Karya Ilmu Falak Nusantara: Transmisi, Anotasi, Biografi. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Butar-Butar, Arwin Juli Rakhmadi. (2018). Fajar & Syafak dalam Kesarjanaan Astronom Muslim dan Ulama Nusantara. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Commins, David. (2006). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. London: I.B. Tauris.

Dahīs, ‘Abd al-Laṭīf bin ‘Abdullāh bin. (2006). al-Ḥayāh al-’Ilmiyyah fī Makkah (1334-1115 H/1703-1916 M). Mekah: Jāmi’ah Umm al-Qurá.

Daḥlān, Aḥmad bin Zainī. (1993). Tārīkh Ashrāf al-Ḥijāz. Beirut: Dār al-Saqī.

Daḥlān, Aḥmad Zaini. (2003). al-Durr al-Saniyyah fī al-Radd ‘alá al-Wahhābiyyah. Damascus: Maktabah al-Aḥbāb.

De Boer, T.J. (1903). History of Philosophy in Islam, translated by Edward R. Jones B.D. London: Luzac & Co. ltd..

al-Falimbānī, Muḥammad Mukhtār al-Dīn bin Zain al-’Ābidīn. (1988). Bulūgh al-Amānī fī al-Ta’rīf bi Shuyūkh wa Asānīd Musnid al-’Aṣr al-Shaikh Muḥammad Yāsīn bin Muḥammad ‘Īsá al-Fadanī al-Makkī. Beirut: Dār Qutaibah, 1408.

Fathurahman, Oman. (2011). “Kitābs from Cairo: An Overview of the New Collection of Southeast Asian Kitābs at Sophia University.” In Yumi Sugahara (Ed.), Comparative Study of Southeast Asian Kitābs. Papers of the Workshop held at Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan on October 23.

Ḥasan Shu’aib, Ḥusain bin Muḥammad. (1428 H). al-Dawr al-Tarbawī li Ḥalaqāt al-’Ilm bial-Masjid al-Ḥarām fī ‘Abd al-Mālik ‘Abd al-Azīz. Kulliyyah al-Tarbiyyah bi Makkah al-Mukarramah, Jāmi’ah Umm al-Qurá.

Heer, Nicholas. (2012). A Concise Handlist of Jāwi Authors and Their Works, version 2.3. Seattle, Washington.

Hidayat, Syarief., & Chambert-Loir, Henri. (2013). “Dua Peta Kiblat.” In Henri Chambert-Loir (Ed.), Naik Haji di Masa Silam, Jilid II (Tahun 1900-1950). Jakarta: KPG-EFEO-Perpustakaan Nasional RI.

al-Hindī, Abū al-Faiḍ‘Abd al-Sattār bin ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Bakrī al-Ṣiddīqī. (2009). Faiḍ al-Mulk al-Wahhāb al-Muta’ālī bi Anbā’Awā’il al-Qarn al-Thālith ‘Ashar wa al-Tawālī. Mekah: Maktabah al-Asadī, 1340H.

Hurgronje, C. Snouck. (2007). Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century, translated by J.H. Monahan with an introduction by Jan Just Witkam. Leiden: Brill.

Ishak, Md. Sidin Ahmad. (1998). Penerbitan dan percetakan buku Melayu 1807-1960. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Iskandar, Teuku. (1999). Catalogue of Malay, Minangkabau, and South Sumatran Manuscripts in the Netherlands, Vol. 1. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden.

Kaptein, Nico

J.G. (2014). Islam, Colonialism and the Modern Age in the Netherlands East Indies: A Biography of Sayyid ‘Uthman (1822-1914). Leiden: Brill.

Kooria, Mahmood. (2016). “Cosmopolis of Law, Islamic Legal Ideas and Texts across the Indian Ocean and Eastern Mediterranean Worlds.” Ph.D. Thesis, Leiden University.

Kostiner, Joseph. (1993). The Making of Saudi Arabia 1916–1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Laffan, Michael. (2003). Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia, The Umma below the Winds. London-New York: Routledge Curzon.

Laffan, Michael. (2004). “An Indonesian Community in Cairo: Continuity and Change in a Cosmopolitan Islamic Milieu.” Indonesia, 77, April.

Lubis, Nina H. (1998). Kehidupan Kaum Menak Priangan 1800-1942. Bandung: Pusat Informasi Kebudayaan Sunda.

Maftuhin, Adhi. (2018). Sanad Ulama Nusantara: Transmisi Keilmuan Ulama Al-Azhar & Pesantren disertai Biografi Penulis Kitab Kuning. Depok: Shahifa.

al-Mar’ashlī, Yūsuf ‘Abdurraḥmān. (2002). Mu’jam al-Ma’ājim wa al-Mashīkhāt wa al-Fahāris wa al-Barāmij wa al-Athbāt, Vol. II. Riyād: Maktabah al-Rushd, 1423H.

al-Mar’ashlī, Yūsuf. (2006). Nathr al-Jawāhir wa al-Durar fī ‘Ulamā’al-Qarn al-Rābi’‘Ashar. Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 1427 H.

Martin, Richard C., Woodward, Mark R., & Atmaja, Dwi S. (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam. Oxford: Oneworld.

Midori et al., Kawashima. (2015). A Provisional Catalogue of Southeast Asian Kitabs of Sophia University (Second Version). Tokyo: Institute of Asian Cultures – Center for Islamic Area Studies, Sophia University, September.

Moriyama, Mikihiro. (2005). Semangat Baru: Kolonialisme, Budaya Cetak dan Kesastraan Sunda Abad ke-19, translated by Suryadi. Jakarta: KPG.

al-Mu’allimī, ‘Abdullāh bin ‘Abdurraḥmān bin. (2000). A’lām al-Makkiyyīn min al-Qarn al-Tāsi’ilá al-Qarn al-Rābi’‘Ashar al-Hijrī. Mekah-Madīnah: Mu’assasah al-Furqān li al-Turāth al-Islāmī, 1421 H.

Muḥy al-Dīn, Guru Pasantren Pagelaran Cisalak Purwakarta Karawang. (1936). Aḍwā’al-Sirāj fī Tarjamah Ḥadīth al-Mi’rāj. Cairo: Mustafá al-Bābī al-Halabī wa Awlāduh bi Miṣr, third edition.

Mukhtār bin ‘Aṭārid al-Jāwī al-Būqūrī, Muḥammad. (1936). Taqrīb al-Maqṣad fī al-’Amal bi al-Rubu’al-Mujayyab. Cairo: Mustafá al-Bābī al-Halabī wa Awlāduh bi Miṣr.

Mukhtār bin Raden Natanagara, Raden al-Ḥājj Muḥammad. (1341 AH). Ieu Kitāb ‘Aqā’id Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā’ah. Cairo: Mustafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Awlāduh bi Miṣr.

Mukhtār bin Raden Natanagara, Raden al-Ḥājj Muḥammad. (1374 AH). Kifāyatal-Mubtadi’īn fī ‘Ibādah Rabb al-’Ālamīn. Cairo: Shirkah Maktabah wa Maṭba’ah Mustafá al-Bābī al-Halabī wa Awlāduhu bi Miṣr, cet. ke-2.

Mukhtār bin Raden Natanagara Jāwī Būghūrī, Raden Muḥammad. (1346 H). Hidāyatal-Mubtadi’īn ilá Sulūk Maslak al-Muttaqīn. Cairo: Mustafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Awlāduh bi Miṣr.

Mukhtār bin ‘Aṭārid al-Jāwī al-Batawī al-Būqūrī, al-Shaikh Muḥammad. (1911). Al-Wahbah al-Ilāhiyyah fī Bayān Isqāṭmā ‘alá al-Mayyit min al-Ḥuqūq wa al-Ṣiyām wa al-Ṣalāh. Mekah: Maṭba’ah al-Taraqqī al-Mājidiyyah al-’Uthmāniyyah bi Makkah al-Mukarramah, 1330 H.

Mukhtar ‘Atharid al-Bughuri, Syaikh. (2017). Kitab Belut Nusantara, terj. Amirul Ulum & Khairul Anwar. Yogyakarta: Global Press.

Mukhtār bin ‘Aṭārid al-Jāwī al-Batawī al-Būqūrī, al-Shaikh Muḥammad. (n.d.). Taqrīb al-Maqṣad. LKK_BANTEN2016_KHD039 [Online]. Available: https://lektur.kemenag.go.id/manuskrip/web/koleksi-detail/lkk-banten2016-khd039 (accessed 28/12/2020).

Nor bin Ngah, Mohd. (1983). Kitab Jawi: Islamic Thought of the Malay Muslim Scholars. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Ochsenwald, William. (1984). Religion, Society and the State in

Arabia: the Hijaz under Ottoman Control, 1840-1908. Ohio State University Press.

Peters, F.E. (1994). The Hajj, The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Proudfoot, Ian. (1993). Early Malay Printed Books: A provisional account of materials published in the Singapore-Malaysia area up to 1920. Academy of Malay Studies and The Library, University of Malaya.

Al-Qurtuby, Sumanto. (2020). Saudi Arabia and Indonesian Networks, Migration, Education, and Islam. London: I.B. Tauris.

Roff, William. (1970). “South-east Asian Islam in the Nineteenth Century,” in P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. and Bernard Lewis eds. The Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2A. Cambridge University Press.

Rohmana, Jajang A. (2015). “A Sundanese Story of Hajjin the Colonial Period: Haji Hasan Mustapa’s Dangdingon the Pilgrimage to Mecca.” Heritage of Nusantara. Vol. 4 No.2: 273-312.

Rohmana, Jajang A. (2020). “Authorship of The Jāwī ‘Ulamā’ in Egypt: A Contribution of Nawawī Banten and Haji Hasan Mustapa to Sharḥ Tradition.” Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, Vol. 15, No. 2: 221-264.

Rohmana, Jajang A. (2021). “Diskursus Tasawuf Nusantara di Mekah: Respons Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid al-Bughūrī terhadap Ajaran Martabat Tujuh.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, Vol. 19, No. 1: 1-36.

al-Sanūsī, Riḍā’bin Muḥammad Ṣāfī al-Dīn. (n.d.). Dawr ‘Ulamā’ Makkah al-Mukarramah fī Khidmah al-Sunnah wa al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah. Majma’al-Mulk Fahd li Ṭabā’ah al-Muṣḥaf al-Sharīf bi al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah.

Sarkīs, Yūsuf Ilyān. (1928). Mu’jam al-Maṭbū’āt al-’Arabiyyah wa al-Mu’arrabah, 2 vols. Cairo: Maṭba’ah Sarkīs bi Miṣr, 1346 H.

al-Shāfi’ī, Maḥmūd Sa’īd bin Muḥammad Mamdūḥ. (1434 H). Tashnīf al-Asmā’ bi Shuyūkh al-Ijāzah wa al-Simā’, vol. II. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah.

Sugahara, Yumi. (2011). “Towards Broadening the Audience: The Role of Authors and Publishers of Jāwi Kitābs from the 19th to twentieth Century in Southeast Asia,” in Yumi Sugahara ed. Comparative Study of Southeast Asian Kitābs, Papers of the Workshop held at Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan on October 23.

Sunarwoto. (2012). “Shaykh Mukhtār ‘Aṭārid on Belut.” IJIPS, Vol. 6, No. 1: 33-47.

Sya’ban, Ginanjar. (2021). “Al-Shaikh Mukhtār bin ‘Aṭārid al-Būghūrī al-Jāwī thumma al-Makkī (1862-1930) wa al-Kutub al-Ṣundāwiyyah al-Maṭbū’ah fī Makkah wa al-Qāhirah Awā’il al-Qarn al-’Ishrīn.” Islam Nusantara, Vol. II, No. I: 93-112.

Sya’ban, A. Ginanjar. (2020). “al-Kutub al-Jawiyah al-Matbu’ah fi Makkah al-Mukarramah min Awakhir al-Qarn al-Tasi’‘Ashar ila Awa’il al-Qarn al-’Ishrin al-Miladi.” Heritage of Nusantara. Vol. 9. No. 2: 314-50.

Sya’ban bin Saifullah, Ginanjar. (2018). “Al-Shaikh Muḥammad Mukhtār bin ‘Aṭārid al-Bughūrī al-Jāwī thumma al-Makkī (1868-1930 M) dan Jaringan Ulama Sunda Timur Tengah Awal Abad 20 M.” International Journal of Pegon, Vol. 1, Issue 1: 39-62.

van Bruinessen, Martin. (1990). “Kitab Kuning: Books in Arabic Script Used in the Pesantren Milieu.” BKI 146: 226-69.

van den Berg, L.W.C. (1886). “Het mohammedaansche godsdienstonderwijs op Java and Madoera en de daarbij gebruikte arabische boeken.” TBG 31: 518-55.

Vredenbregt, J. (1962). “The Haddj. Some of its features and functions in Indonesia”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 118, no: 1. Leiden, 91-154.

Wieringa, Edwin. (2008). ”Mecca Has Spoken, Case Closed: Muhammad Hasan B. Kasim’s 1913 Meccan Poem of Advice on Sarekat Islam,” in K.D Hulster and J. Van Steenbergen, ed., Continuity and Change In The Realms Of Islam. Leuven: Peeters.